Letter 171

Theodoret of CyrrhusJohn, of Germanicia|c. 440 AD|theodoret cyrrhus
grief deathproperty economics
From: Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrrhus
To: John, Bishop of Antioch
Date: ~433 AD
Context: Written after the "Formula of Reunion" (433 AD) between John of Antioch and Cyril of Alexandria. Theodoret examines Cyril's conciliatory letter and, to his surprise, finds it orthodox -- entirely different from the hated Twelve Chapters.

To John, Bishop of Antioch,

God, who governs all things in wisdom, who desires our unanimity and cares for the salvation of His people, has brought us together and shown us that our views are in agreement. We have assembled, read the Egyptian letter [Cyril's conciliatory letter], carefully examined its contents, and discovered that it is entirely consistent with our own statements -- and entirely opposed to the Twelve Chapters, against which we have waged war up to now as contrary to true religion.

The Chapters taught that God the Word was made flesh in a carnal sense; that there was a "hypostatic union"; that the combination in union was "of nature"; and that God the Word was "the firstborn from the dead." They forbade any distinction in the terms used of our Lord, and contained other doctrines at odds with the seeds sown by the apostles -- the harvest of heretical weeds.

The present letter, however, is adorned with apostolic nobility of origin. In it our Lord Jesus Christ is presented as perfect God and perfect man. It teaches two natures, with the distinction between them preserved; an unconfused union, accomplished not by mixture and blending but in a manner ineffable and divine, distinctly preserving the properties of each nature; the impassibility and immortality of God the Word; the capacity for suffering and temporary surrender to death of the temple [Christ's human body], and its resurrection by the power of the God united with it; and that the Holy Spirit does not derive from the Son or owe His existence to the Son, but proceeds from the Father and is properly said to be "of the Son" as being of the same substance.

Beholding this orthodoxy in the letter, we have praised the One who heals our stammering tongues and changes our discordant noise into the harmony of sweet music.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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