From: Pope Anastasius II, bishop of Rome
To: [Eastern correspondent]
Date: ~498 AD
Context: Pope Anastasius II, letter 6; a letter from the final period of his pontificate, dealing with theological arguments about the relationship between Christ's divine and human activity.
...He is still at work, and I am at work as well. It does not pertain to the time of that earlier period alone...
[This letter appears to discuss the theological question of whether the divine activity of Christ in the incarnation was limited to a specific historical moment or continues perpetually — an argument against a narrow Antiochene reading of the incarnation that would limit the scope of the divine-human union to Christ's earthly life.]
The activity of the divine Word in our nature did not cease with the ascension; it continues through all the ages that have followed and will follow, because the assumption of human nature by God was not a temporary expedient but a permanent act of union. The glorified humanity of Christ, enthroned at the right hand of the Father, is the ongoing evidence of what the incarnation accomplished.
This is relevant to the questions being pressed in the current controversy. Those who argue that Christ's humanity is only in some sense "adopted" into the divine life are, we believe, failing to take seriously the permanence of what the incarnation accomplished.
We hold fast to Chalcedon not out of attachment to a formula but because we believe the formula correctly describes a reality.
Anastasius, bishop of Rome
adhuc operatur, et ego operor? Non ergo ad illius*) temporis soliusa. 498.
haec pertinet operatio, sed per omnia spatia quae eurrunt, per volu-
mina saeculorum. Cum et illud debeant intelligere quod scriptum
est: qui vivit in aeternumj creavit omnia simul. Si igitur antequam^^*
Scriptura per species singulas in singulis quibusque creaturis ordi-
nem rationemque disponeret, potentialiter quod negari non potest
et causaliter in opere pertinente ad creanda omnia simul, a quibus
consummatis in die septimo requievit, nunc autem visibiliter in
opere pertinente ad temporum cursum usque nunc operatur: sanae
igitur doctrinae adquiescant, quod ille indat animas, qui vocat ^«^5?*
quae non sunt tamquam sint.
Cap. n.
5. Nam dicant, quis ad mundum miserit Jacob vel Esau, sicut
Malachias propheta testatur: nonne ille qui, antequam nascerentur,
unum odio habuit, alterum dilexit? Qui etiam intraturos hominem^)Mal. i,3.
hanc mortalitatem jam ili utero matris agnoscit, sicut de Hieremia Jer. l, 5.
dicitur: priusquam te formarcm in utero, novi te, et priusquam exires
de vulva, sanctificavi te, et prophetam in gentibus posui te, Nisi forte
ad gentilium se conferant suspiciones, qui dicunt animam vitalem
alteram rationalem, cum non quibusdam somniis incertis sed divi-
narum Scripturarum debent exemplo et veritate respicere. Nam
cum quatiior menses in utero conceptum certissimum sit spiritum
sortiri, ubi jam parentum desivit officium, a quo putant illum limum
materialis faecis animatum, cum, sicut dictum est, nulla hic dele-
ctatio vel opus patris vel matris existat? Post quantum temporis
dicatur ab ipsis mulieribus conceptus in utero vivificari? Non cre-
dimus latere prudentiam vestram, cum satis in hoc certissimi fieri
debeant, qui hujusmodi persuasionibus hiborant, quod illius operatio
sit adque judicium in electione bonorum malorumque, qui pro prae-
seientia sua alios per gratiam deducit ad praemium, alios per justum
judicium debitum permittit sustinere supplicium.
Cap. III.
6. , Itaque, dilectissimi , ego absens corpore spiritu vero prae-
sens vobiscum, ita redargui volo, qui in novam haeresim prorupisse
dicuntur, ut a parentibus animas tradi generi humano adserant,
quemadmodum ex faece nifiteriali corpus infunditur: ut sciant secun-
dum apostolicam praedicationem se quidem jam mortuos. Nam ita
ab eo dicitur: qui enim secundum, carncm stmt, quae carnis sunt, sa- Kom.
piunt, qui vero secundum spiritum, quae sunt spiritus sapiunt; nam ' ~~
') Tosius correx. homines, Mox ms, etiam ... cibalem^ quae verba cum Tosio
correximus (Jani ... vitalem).
sk. ^9H. prudeuiia caniis mors cst^ prudcnlia autem spiriius viia ei pax; qwh
7iiam sapientia carnis inimica csi in Deo, legi enim Dei non st^jicitWy
nec enim potest; qui auiem in carne suni^ Deo placere non pmmt.
Intellegant igitur cum ttili prudeiitia sua, qua carne, quae secundmn
condemnationeui peccati ^) in Adam primo semel mortua est, putani
vitam homiiium contineri: se non tamquam viventes hoc loqui*, si-
quidem ipse apostohis eos doceat> quod in praevaricatione adque m
dehcto suo ab initio non solum ipse mortuus sit, sed omnis quae
ab eo descendit futura progenies, quam putant isti vitam proli suae
ministrare, ut quam ipsi in Adam perdiderunt, vitam possint prae-
stare quam non habent. Audiant igitur hoc eundera beatum apo-
r i^* stohim dicentem: sicut per unum homincm in hoc mundo peccatum
intravit ci per peccatum mors, ei ita in omnes mors pertransiit, in quo
omnes peccaverunt. Quid ad hoc mortui homines loqui possant, ut
rationabiliter dicere videantur transisse de parentibus vitam, quam
magister gentium docet amissam?
(Jap. IV.
7. Restat itaque, ut mortem solam proh ex se venienti, ante-
quam renascatur in Christo, progenies omnis ministrare videatur;
et idcirco Adain secundus a nobis in renascendo suscipitur, ut mors,
quae per culpam in primo Adam suscepta fuerat,'excludatur. In-
tellegant igitur mortui homines, si quis sensus vel modicus inest,
oportere se renasci per baptismum, ut vitam, quam perdidit per
Adam primum, recuperet per secundum. Nam et ab initio ex Ge-
neseos lectione cognoscant, qiiam bene et quam clementer Deus
universa condiderit, ut et'') vivente semper nascentibus vita dona-
retur. Et qua putant fortasse pie ac bene se dicere, ut animas
merito dicant a parentibus tradi, cum siiit peccatis implicitae, hac
ab ipsis sapienti debent separatione discerni: quod ab illis uihil
aliud potest tradi, qutim quod ab ipsorum mala praesumptione com-
missum est, id est, culpa poenaque peccati, quam per traducem
secuta progenies evidenter ostendit, ut pravi homines distortique
nascantur. In quo solo utique Deus nulhim cominuniouem habere
perspicue cernitur, qui ne^) in hauc necessibitem calamitatis inci-
derent, gemito mortis terrore prohibuit adque praedixit. Itaque per
traducem quod a pareiitibus traditur evidenter apparet^ et quid
ab initio usque ad finem vel operatus sit Deus vel operetur osten-
ditur.
■') Tosius correxit (te, quum ctiam nasci aliquo dicatur. Mox id. quia pmtmd
. . . haee ab ipsis.
®) Ms. nee. Mox Tos. correx. gemino (ms. gemito) mortis et parwi. (ms. pm)
vohis.
◆
From:Pope Anastasius II, bishop of Rome
To:[Eastern correspondent]
Date:~498 AD
Context:Pope Anastasius II, letter 6; a letter from the final period of his pontificate, dealing with theological arguments about the relationship between Christ's divine and human activity.
...He is still at work, and I am at work as well. It does not pertain to the time of that earlier period alone...
[This letter appears to discuss the theological question of whether the divine activity of Christ in the incarnation was limited to a specific historical moment or continues perpetually — an argument against a narrow Antiochene reading of the incarnation that would limit the scope of the divine-human union to Christ's earthly life.]
The activity of the divine Word in our nature did not cease with the ascension; it continues through all the ages that have followed and will follow, because the assumption of human nature by God was not a temporary expedient but a permanent act of union. The glorified humanity of Christ, enthroned at the right hand of the Father, is the ongoing evidence of what the incarnation accomplished.
This is relevant to the questions being pressed in the current controversy. Those who argue that Christ's humanity is only in some sense "adopted" into the divine life are, we believe, failing to take seriously the permanence of what the incarnation accomplished.
We hold fast to Chalcedon not out of attachment to a formula but because we believe the formula correctly describes a reality.
Anastasius, bishop of Rome
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.