Letter 31

UnknownSulpicius Severus|c. 415 AD|paulinus nola
From: Paulinus, bishop of Nola
To: Sulpicius Severus, monk and writer
Date: ~415 AD
Context: Paulinus sends Severus a fragment of the True Cross for his new basilica at Primuliacum, accompanied by a lengthy account of the discovery of the Cross by Helena, mother of Constantine.

To my holy and kindred brother Severus,

Brother Victor, among the other stories of your works and plans, told us that you want sacred relics of the saints for the basilica you have just built at Primuliacum — larger than the first one — to bless and adorn your church, as befits your faith and your grace. The Lord is my witness: if we had even a pinch of sacred dust beyond what we need for the dedication of our own basilica, which will soon be completed in the Lord's name, we would have sent it to you. But since we lacked any surplus of our own, and since Victor mentioned that he had high hopes of receiving relics of many Eastern martyrs through the holy woman Silvia, who had promised them to him, we found something else to send — something worthy of your basilica's consecration and a fitting addition to the blessing of the saints' relics: a portion of a fragment of the wood of the divine Cross.

This precious gift was brought to us from Jerusalem by the blessed Melania [Melania the Elder, one of the great Christian aristocratic women of the late fourth century], given to her by the holy bishop John of Jerusalem. She sent it specifically to our venerable sister Bassula, a servant we share. But what is given to either of you belongs to both, since in both of you one principle of faith holds, and faith transcends sex — for you are both running toward the perfect man in Christ [Ephesians 4:13].

Receive, then, from your kindred friends who wish you partnership in every good thing — receive this great gift in a small form. In what is almost an invisible sliver of a tiny strip of wood, take hold of the protection of the present life and the pledge of eternal salvation. Do not let your faith shrink to what your bodily eyes can see — so small a thing. Instead, with your inner vision, perceive the full power of the Cross in this smallest of fragments. When you think that you are looking at the very wood on which our salvation hung — on which the Lord of glory was nailed while the world trembled — let your hearts exult with trembling [Psalm 2:11]. Remember that the rocks themselves split at the sight of this Cross. Let us, at the very least, match the stones in our response.

[Paulinus then recounts the story of Helena's discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem during the reign of her son Constantine. He describes how three crosses were found buried on Golgotha, and how the true Cross was identified by its power to raise a dead man to life. He traces the history of the Cross from Christ's crucifixion to its burial by hostile authorities, its rediscovery by Helena, and the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre around the sacred site. Throughout, he weaves the narrative with typological readings — the wood of the Cross connected to the tree of knowledge in Eden, to the wood cast into the bitter waters at Marah, and to the rod of Moses that struck the rock. The letter closes with a prayer that the fragment of the Cross will be a source of blessing and protection for Severus's community at Primuliacum.]

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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