Letter 30

To Philip. I call the gods to witness that even when I was still Caesar I wrote to you — more than once, I think. I started many times, but one thing or another always prevented me, and then came that wolf's friendship between myself and Constantius of blessed memory, after the proclamation [when Julian was acclaimed Augustus by his troops in Paris, 360]. I was extremely careful not to write to anyone east of the Alps, for fear of getting them into serious trouble. So you should actually take my silence as proof of my goodwill — it is often impossible to make one's words match one's real feelings. Besides, letters from an emperor to private citizens tend to get passed around for bragging purposes by people with no sense of propriety, who carry them about like signet rings and show them off to the gullible. Real friendship is produced first by similarity of character, and second, when a person of genuine — not pretended — virtue earns the admiration of someone in a higher position. Letters of this kind are usually full of conceit and nonsense, and I often blame myself for making mine too long when I might discipline my tongue to Pythagorean silence. Yes, I received your gifts — a silver bowl weighing one mina and a gold coin. I would be glad to invite you to visit me, as you suggest. But the first signs of spring are here: the trees are budding, and the swallows, expected any day now, will drive our band of campaigners outdoors and remind us that we should be across the border. We will travel through your region, so you may have a better chance of seeing me — God willing — in your own home. I think that will be soon.

To Philip1 [362, Spring. Const.] I call the gods to witness that, when I was still Caesar I wrote to you, and I think it was more than once. However, I started to do so many times, but there were reasons that prevented me, now of one kind, now another, and then followed that wolf's friendship that arose between myself and Constantius of blessed memory, in consequence of the proclamation.2 I was exceedingly careful not to write to anyone beyond the Alps for fear of getting him into serious trouble. So consider the fact that I did not write a proof of my goodwill. For it is often impracticable to make one's language harmonise with one's real sentiments. Then, too, letters from the Emperor to private persons might well lead to their display for bragging and making false pretences when they come into the hands of persons with no sense of propriety, who carry them about like seal-rings and show them to the inexperienced. Nay, genuine friendship is produced first and foremost by similarity of disposition, but a second kind is, when one feels true and not pretended admiration, and a humane, moderate and virtuous man is cherished by one who is his superior in fortune and intelligence. Moreover letters of this sort are full of conceit and nonsense, and, for my part, I often blame myself for making mine too long, and for being too loquacious when I might discipline my tongue to Pythagorean silence. Yes, I received the tokens, namely, a silver bowl weighing one mina and a gold coin.1 I should be very glad to invite you to visit me as you suggest in your letter. But the first signs of spring are here already, the trees are in bud, and the swallows, which are expected almost immediately, as soon as they come drive our band of campaigners out of doors, and remind us that we ought to be over the border. We shall travel through your part of the country,2 so that you would have a better chance of seeing me, if the gods so will it, in your own home. This will, I think, be soon, unless some sign from heaven should forbid it. For this same meeting I am praying to the gods. 1 Schwarz wrongly suspects this letter on stylistic grounds. Philip was perhaps the Cappadocian to whom Libanius wrote several extant letters, e.g. Letter 1190. For his zeal in aiding Julian to restore paganism he suffered persecution after the Emperor's death. 2 i.e. of himself as Augustus by the army in Gaul, early in 360; cf. Vol. 2, Letter to the Athenians 283-286; he was Caesar 355-360. 1 Such tokens were often sent to friends; cf. To Hecebolius, p. 219. 2 Julian set out for Antioch about May 12th, 362, and expected to see Philip in Cappadocia.