Letter 213

Isidore of PelusiumUnknown|isidore pelusium
From: Isidore of Pelusium, monk at Pelusium
To: Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria
Date: ~414 AD
Context: Isidore addresses the boundary between secular and spiritual authority — a matter of particular urgency in Alexandria, where the two had become entangled.

Secular power and spiritual authority are different things and must not be confused. The priest who reaches for the instruments of civil government — the power to coerce, to punish, to govern in temporal matters — has not extended his authority. He has abandoned it.

The Church's power is the power of the word, of the sacraments, of excommunication at its strongest. These are genuine powers. They are also the right ones. The moment the Church borrows the sword of the state, it has implicitly admitted that its own instruments are insufficient — and in doing so, has made them so.

Exercise your proper authority with full confidence. Do not reach for what belongs to Caesar.

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.