From: Isidore of Pelusium, monk
To: Theodosius the Scholastic
Date: ~410 AD
Context: Isidore condemns the rhetorical maneuver of renaming vices as virtues and virtues as vices.
I am thoroughly astonished at those who confuse not only the things themselves but their very names — who have arrived at such a pinnacle of 'wisdom' that they call frankness shamelessness, and shamelessness frankness, erring in both directions at once. They do this for one of two reasons: either to silence genuine frankness, or to train shamelessness into an even greater vice. Either way, the goal is the suppression of truth.
They may claim not to understand the difference. But the difference is not subtle. Frankness speaks difficult truth for the benefit of the one who hears it; shamelessness speaks whatever serves the speaker, regardless of who is harmed. One is brave; the other is merely brazen. A man of any honesty can tell them apart — which is why those who benefit from the confusion work so hard to maintain it.
Context:Isidore condemns the rhetorical maneuver of renaming vices as virtues and virtues as vices.
I am thoroughly astonished at those who confuse not only the things themselves but their very names — who have arrived at such a pinnacle of 'wisdom' that they call frankness shamelessness, and shamelessness frankness, erring in both directions at once. They do this for one of two reasons: either to silence genuine frankness, or to train shamelessness into an even greater vice. Either way, the goal is the suppression of truth.
They may claim not to understand the difference. But the difference is not subtle. Frankness speaks difficult truth for the benefit of the one who hears it; shamelessness speaks whatever serves the speaker, regardless of who is harmed. One is brave; the other is merely brazen. A man of any honesty can tell them apart — which is why those who benefit from the confusion work so hard to maintain it.
Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.