Letter 2

Caesarius of ArlesCaesaria abbatissa|c. 520 AD|caesarius arles|From Arles
From: Caesarius, Bishop of Arles
To: Caesaria, Abbess
Date: ~520 AD
Context: A second letter refining the Rule and responding to questions about monastic discipline — particularly about reading, work, and the treatment of new members.

Caesarius, bishop, to his most beloved sister Caesaria.

You have written with good questions, and I will answer them as clearly as I can.

On the new sisters who arrive unable to read: I want literacy. I want every sister in the community to be able to read scripture for herself. This means that when a woman joins who cannot read, teaching her to read must be among the first things the community does for her, not an afterthought. The spiritual life in a convent is built around the word of God; a woman who cannot read is cut off from the richest source of that life. I consider literacy a spiritual necessity, not a social accomplishment.

On the manual work: it must continue, and it must be taken seriously. The temptation in a religious community that has become established and relatively comfortable is to treat physical work as beneath the dignity of contemplatives. This is wrong on every level. Work keeps the body healthy, keeps the mind grounded, serves the community's material needs, and prevents the spiritual life from becoming merely the cultivation of private feelings. Your sisters should be able to sew, to write, to work in whatever ways serve the community.

On the woman who has decided she wants to leave: let her go. We cannot manufacture vocation. A woman who stays in the convent under compulsion, without genuine commitment, poisons the life of the community for everyone around her. Let her leave with kindness and with prayer.

Your brother,
Caesarius

Modern English rendering for readability. See the 19th-century translation or original Latin/Greek for scholarly use.

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